It's common for new immigrants to go through periods of adjustment when living in a new culture. Newcomers don't necessarily progress from one stage to the next; these phases can overlap and be influenced by such factors as personality, culture, and life situation. A newcomer who may have successfully progressed through a difficult period may be plunged back into it by events such as family breakdown or business problems.
The Honeymoon
When immigrants first arrive, they feel like visitors. Everything is new, curious, and interesting. Life is full of exciting possibility and surprises. Newcomers may get help from a settlement agency to adjust to their new community.
Culture Shock
After living in a new country for a few weeks to a few months, newcomers are immersed in survival issues such as housing, transportation, and learning a new language. There is often a loss of prestige; many newcomers are professionals and were capable providers for their families in their home country, but the only work they can find in Canada may be low paid and low skilled. This is the time when culture shock sets in. The stress of this stage may manifest feelings such as anger, apathy, and hopelessness, which can lead to depression. The stress can also cause physical symptoms such as weight loss or gain, insomnia, tiredness, and headaches.
Initial Adjustment
By this stage a normal routine has developed. Everyday activities such as housing and shopping are no longer major challenges. English skills are good enough to communicate basic ideas and feelings. Gradually, newcomers begin to accept their new home and make friendships; they discover that there are good things about their new community.
Mental Isolation
Newcomers have been away from family and friends in their home country for a long time, and may feel lonely and homesick. If they haven't gained mastery of English, they might experience continued frustration at not being able to participate fully in many aspects of society. They may also feel frustrated with unsatisfying jobs, and lack the confidence to and question whether they will ever reach the social and economic level they were at in their homeland.
Acceptance and Integration
This is the period in which learners and their families realize they are in the new community to stay. The newcomer has accepted the habits, customs, foods, and norms of Canadian culture. Learners have probably learned enough English to feel comfortable interacting with native speakers, and they are able to participate more fully in Canadian society. They may also have developed a sense of belonging through ongoing acts of welcome by their new community.
Watch the video for more information regarding issues and concerns around adjusting to a new culture.
